Lysomale Speichererkankung

The Fish

Cystinosis

Cystinosis is caused by mutations in the CTNS gene encoding for the carrier protein cystinosin that has the task to transport cystin out of the lysosomal compartment. A defect of the cystinosin function results in intra-lysosomal cystin accumulation in all cells. First of all the kidneys are affected, starting with proximal tubular damage during the first year of life, followed by end-stage renal failure during mid-childhood. Also the eyes, thyroid, pancreas and muscles are affected. In some older patients also the CNS can be involved.

Cystinosis | SphinCS - Clinical Science for LSD

Etiology: - Defective cystinosin leads to transportation disorder of cystine from lysosome
Gene: CTNS Gene
Mode of inheritance: Autosomal recessive
Phenotypes:

  • Infantile nephropathic form
  • Juvenile nephropathic form
  • Ocular form

Leading symptoms:
Infantile nephropathic form
(Age of onset: 6-12 months)

  • Symptoms of Fanconi-Syndrome: Polyuria, polydipsia, Vitamin D refractory rachitis
  • Progressive renal insufficiency 
  • Failure to thrive

Juvenile nephropathic form
(Age of onset: childhood, adolescence)

  • Symptoms of Fanconi-Syndrome: Polyuria, polydipsia, Vitamin D refractory rachitis
  • Progressive renal insufficiency
  • Delay in height and weight increase
  • Cystine cristals in cornea and conjunctiva

Ocular form

  • Cystine cristals in cornea and conjunctiva
  • Photophobia
  • Retinopathy

Diagnostics:

  • Determination of elevated intracellular cystine levels in blood
  • Molecular genetic analysis of CTNS Gene

Therapy: Cysteamin (Cystagon®)

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